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多地密集布局词元经济赛道 探索本土化发展路径_我的网站

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    Shipping containers are loaded and unloaded onto ships at the Port of Los Angeles, California, on July 9, 2025. Photo: VCG
When even major US allies and trading partners are swept into Washington's alleged China-linked transshipment network, is the US still cracking down on its so-called illegal tariff evasion, or is it raising its "small yard, high fence" higher and tighten it further by wielding its tariff stick and extending tariff controls across normal global supply chains?
The White House on Thursday released a report identifying roughly 40 economies as participants in what it calls a "Shadow Transshipment Network", alleging that Chinese goods are being routed through third countries to evade higher US tariffs. The list stretches across Asia, Europe and the Americas and includes some of Washington's closest allies and largest trading partners.
Chinese experts said the report is partly aimed at defending Washington's tariff policy by shifting responsibility for its weakened impact onto other economies, while also pressuring them to follow US trade and origin rules. In effect, the US is trying to extend its unilateral trade restrictions beyond its own borders and deeper into global supply chains, they said.
Build 'higher fence'
The 25-page report claims that US import sourcing saw a "substantial reallocation" after the 2018 tariffs, as China's direct share declined and imports from identified transshipment economies rose. It alleges that some goods were routed through lower-tariff jurisdictions, where minor processing, relabeling, repackaging, re-invoicing or paperwork changes were used to create the appearance of a new national origin. 
However, the report itself acknowledges that alleged transshipment risks in several major economies are "embedded within broad legitimate trade flows." It also admitted that the post-2018 shift in US imports "does not establish" that all displaced Chinese trade was illegally transshipped and partly reflected "legitimate changes in production, investment, and sourcing."
False declarations of origin or simple repackaging can amount to tariff circumvention, but investing overseas, building factories abroad or sourcing components across borders are legitimate forms of supply-chain adjustment, experts said.
One purpose of the report is to portray Washington's tariff policy as effective while attributing its diminished impact to the responses of other economies, Zhou Mi, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times. 
This allows Washington to shift responsibility onto other economies and put itself in a more favorable position in shaping the narrative around its tariff policy, Zhou said.
Cui Fan, a professor at the University of International Business and Economics, told the Global Times that US rules for determining country of origin are not fully aligned with those used by other economies. The latest move could pressure other countries to adopt US standards, but Cui said such an approach is unlikely to work.
"Countries formulate their rules of origin based on a range of factors, including the scale and technological conditions of their own industries," Cui said. "Industrial structures and the global division of labor cannot be reshaped simply through pressure from one country."
Harmonization of rules of origin - applying the same rules across countries regardless of purpose - "would facilitate the flow of international trade," according to WTO on its website. 
It has also warned that misuse of such rules may turn them into "a trade policy instrument" rather than merely a device supporting other trade policy measures, according to WTO.
Washington was pursuing hegemonic politics and unilateral bullying in the economic and trade sphere under the guise of "reciprocity", a spokesperson for China's Ministry of Commerce said when commenting on the US use of tariffs to pressure other countries into restricting economic and trade cooperation with China. 
Disrupting global supply chains

Cui said production and trade networks linking China with South Korea, Europe and other economies have taken shape over years of market-driven specialization. By lowering production and logistics costs and improving efficiency, these networks have benefited businesses and consumers across participating economies.
"The real challenge facing global trade today is not so-called illegal transshipment, but the continued damage that unilateralism and trade protectionism are inflicting on the multilateral trading system," Cui added.
Since returning to office, the Trump administration has made tariffs a centerpiece of its trade policy, rolling out sweeping "reciprocal tariffs" and other broad duties that have drawn widespread criticism at home and abroad. On Thursday, Washington announced new Section 232 tariffs on drones and their parts and components, further expanding the range of products subject to US tariffs.
US tariffs have themselves pushed companies to reconfigure supply chains. Washington is now citing those very adjustments as evidence of circumvention, effectively using the market fallout from its own tariff policy to justify further trade restrictions, Chinese experts noted.
International trade is based on mutual benefit, and sovereign countries have the legitimate right to conduct economic and trade cooperation independently, Cui said. "No country should interfere with normal global trade simply to advance its own unilateral interests."
The report broadens its scrutiny beyond routing and documentation to include China-origin inputs or components, Chinese ownership or financing, relationships with Chinese suppliers or manufacturers, China-based production steps and China-origin routing histories.
Analysts believed the latest move is more than simply making the existing "high fence" higher. By trying to bring more economies and a larger portion of global supply chains within the reach of US tariff enforcement, Washington attempted to make the "yard" itself much bigger.
Cui warned that sustained US pressure to reshape normal trade and supply-chain links could fragment mature regional production networks, and reduce the efficiency of global resource allocation, with the impact extending far beyond China-US trade given the wide range of economies named in the report.
Zhou noted that companies would be forced to redesign supply chains to manage rising policy risks, adding costs that could feed back into the US through higher inflation while creating broader frictions and instability for global trade.
。      当前，一场围绕“词元经济”的地方竞速悄然拉开帷幕。据记者不完全统计，近期，广东、北京、四川、海南、江苏、湖北、贵州等地纷纷布局词元经济，有的出台政策做好产业指引，有的创新Token（词元）券等政策工具，不少地方还因地制宜探索适合本土的词元经济发展路径。  近期，广东发布《广东省释放数据要素价值 促进词元经济高质量发展若干措施》，提出到2027年底，数据赋能词元经济发展工作体系初步构建，全省一盘棋统筹、差异化布局、一体化协同的词元经济发展格局基本形成。此外，北京、四川、海南等地在出台的相关政策文件中，对推动词元经济发展作出了明确布局。  在各地的工具箱中，以“真金白银”的Token券给予补贴是重要抓手。例如，四川择优给予企业词元实际使用额最高20%、最高100万元的补贴支持；江苏扬州单个申报主体年度最高支持额度可达50万元；武汉江岸区计划每年发放1000万元Token券，支持企业调用头部大模型。据介绍，Token券主要面向AI市场主体，用于补贴模型、智能体的开发、部署和应用等活动。  对此，南京邮电大学教授、浙江大学双聘教授王春晖表示，Token券可降低中小企业尝试人工智能的沉没成本，帮助企业找到自身的效率提升点。但他同时提醒，地方在发放该补贴时，应引导企业优化业务流程，防止出现词元滥用和浪费现象。

二 |   此外，记者注意到，立足自身资源禀赋，各地政策的着力点各有侧重。

三 |   北京亦庄侧重打造“词元工厂”、发力全产业链建设。作为北京首座词元工厂北京壹号词元工厂的所在地，北京亦庄统筹能源、芯片、数据集和大数据，推动项目一期日产能突破1.4万亿词元。

四 | 依托北京较为密集的AI创新生态和丰富的AI应用场景，北京亦庄计划到2030年，“高标准建成4个万卡级词元工厂”“畅通词元产业全链条要素循环”。  与北京拼生态不同，贵阳贵安重点布局智算能力。

五 | 作为“东数西算”国家枢纽节点承载地，贵阳贵安智算能力位居全国前列；同时，由于气候优势，贵州绿电资源丰富，算力综合成本低。

六 | 贵阳贵安有关词元经济的征求意见稿提出，要“强化智算服务能力”，计划于2028年，智算规模突破240EFLOPS。  广东则依托沿海优势，瞄准了跨境赛道。当前，省内多地正加快布局“词元经济”：汕头已于今年4月打通词元出海全链路；韶关也在今年1月获批国家“来数加工”试点，并依托自身作为广东“北大门”的区位优势，积极探索发展“港数韶算”“澳数韶算”模式。依托本地优势，广东词元经济专项政策明确，到2027年底，广东将成为全国词元供给高地、智能应用标杆和词元出海枢纽。  在各地积极布局的同时，词元经济也在重构产业链的价值分配逻辑。王春晖分析称，上游算力竞争已从拼规模转向拼能效；中游服务层的价值重心则由词元分发转向效率优化，提示词工程、业务流程重构、垂直模型微调等词元工程化服务，正成为争夺产业链定价权的关键。  专家表示，在各地竞相布局词元经济的背景下，未来的竞争格局将呈现显著的分化与协同。掌握底层核心技术和高质量数据的地区有望占据产业链顶端，而拥有丰富应用场景的地区将成为词元价值转化的主阵地。不过，评判词元经济的实际价值，不能简单看词元调用规模，而要重点关注词元消耗是否带来了显著的效能跃升。

七 |   中央财经大学数字经济融合创新发展中心主任陈端指出，目前词元标准与计量体系尚不统一。词元从生产到应用涉及分词、计量、调用、计价多个环节，跨省、跨平台的互认互通仍是难题。  王春晖表示，现行体系将词元消耗单纯记为费用，难以直观体现技术带来的效率提升，进而影响对词元经济真实贡献的准确评估。因此，亟须在微观层面建立“词元投入-业务产出”的核算体系，探索将技术带来的效率提升纳入企业资产核算。建设高效的词元经济，重点是推动产业从“要素投入驱动”转向“效率提升驱动”。

八 | （记者 郭倩 实习记者 赵月）。

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